Ethylene oxide (EO) is a gas used in some countries as a fungicide, bactericide, and insecticide in food. The lack of uniformity in EO regulations worldwide resulted in many products being placed on the market and used by consumers at the time the recall notice was issued, causing damage to business and consumers. Therefore, it is very important for enterprises to implement risk-based assessment and management. This report provides control method and analysis results of EO residue testing data in raw materials at CJ Foods Vietnam during the period from August 2021 to the end of July 2022. Since then, recommendations for Vietnamese regulations and businesses in controlling EO have been made.
Ethylene Oxide, European Union (EU) regulation, EO residue.
[1]. A. Kowalska, and L. Manning, "Food Safety Governance and Guardianship: The Role of the Private Sector in Addressing the EU Ethylene Oxyde Incident," Foods, vol 11, no. 2, 2022.
[2]. German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Health risk of ethylene oxyde in food. [Online]. Address: https://www.bfr.bund.de/en/health_risk_of_ethylene_oxyde_in_food-299508.html [Access: 31/07/2022].
[3]. A. Dudkiewicz, P. Dutta, and D. Kołożyn-Krajewska. "Ethylene oxyde in foods: current approach to the risk assessment and practical considerations based on the European food business operator perspective," European Food Research and Technology, vol. 248, pp. 1951-19588, 2022.
[4]. J. Fowles, "Ethylene oxyde in the food supply: an assessment of health risks," Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity, CRC Press, pp. 362-375, 2003.
[5]. L. Golberg, “Hazard assessment of ethylene oxyde,” CRC Press, 2018.
[6]. W. H. Faveere, S. Van Praet, B. Vermeeren, K. N. R. Dumoleijn, K. Moonen, E. Taarning, and B. F. Sels, "Toward Replacing Ethylene Oxyde in a Sustainable World:
Glycolaldehyde as a Bio‐Based C2 Platform Molecule," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, pp. 12204-12223, 2021.
[7]. M. J. Vincent, J. S Kozal, W. J. Thompson, A. Maier, G. S. Dotson , E. A. Best , and K. A. Mundt, "Ethylene oxyde: Cancer evidence integration and dose-response implications," Dose-Response, vol. 17, no. 4, 2019.
[8]. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Volume 100: A Review of Human Carcinogens Part F: Chemical Agents and Related Occupations. Lyon, France, International Agency for Research on Cancer; World Health Organization, 2012.
[9]. Z. B. Jildeh, P. H. Wagner, and M. J. Schöning, "Sterilization of objects, products, and packaging surfaces and their characterization in different fields of industry: The status in 2020," Physica Status Solidi (A), vol. 218, no. 13, 2021.
[10]. L. Rhiannon, R. d. Uyl, and H. Runhaar, "Assessment of policy instruments for pesticide use reduction in Europe; Learning from a systematic literature review," Crop Protection, vol. 126, 2019.
[11]. L. C. Cabrera, and P. M. Pastor, "The 2019 European Union report on pesticide residues in food, " EFSA Journal, vol. 19, no. 4, 2021.
[12]. C. R. Kirman, A. A. Li, P. J. Sheehan, J. S. Bus, R. C. Lewis, and S. M. Hays, “Ethylene oxyde review: characterization of total exposure via endogenous and exogenous pathways and their implications to risk assessment and risk management," Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 1-29, 2021.
[13]. EU Reference Laboratories for Residues of Pesticides (EURL-SRM), “Analysis of Ethylene Oxyde and its Metabolite 2-Chloroethanol by the QuOil or the QuEChERS Method and GC-MS/MS,” EURL-SRM-Analytical Observations Report, 2020.
[14]. T. Laaninen, "Recalls of sesame seed products due to pesticide residues," 2021.
[15]. C. Fisher, "A review of regulations applied to spices, herbs, and flavorings-what has changed?", Journal of AOAC International, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 390-394, 2019.
[16]. Ministry of industry and trade of Vietnam, “Guiding compliance with latest regulations on food safety of European Union,” No. 1150/BCT-KHCN date 08/03/2022.