The phosphate group is a group of food additives commonly used for moisturizing, improving the structure, and retaining the color and flavor of products prepared from meat, fish, milk, baked goods, and beverages. A reliable and fast ion exchange chromatography method developed for the simultaneous determination of several forms of phosphate (orthophosphoric acid; pyrophosphate, triphosphate, and hexametaphosphate) in food. Samples were extracted with deionized water at a temperature of 25 ± 5oC for 30 minutes. The extracts were determined by ion exchange chromatography under the conditions: Dionex IonPacTM AS11 column (4 x 250 mm, 9 µm) and Dionex IonPaxTM AG11 column (4 x 50 mm, 9 µm) with the gradient program of KOH concentration from 20 mM to 80 mM. The flow rate is 1 mL/min. The method has good specificity, the calibration curves of the four substances have correlation coefficient values R2 > 0.9999, repeatability and recovery meet the requirements of AOAC. The detection limits (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) of each substance in the phosphate group are 12 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The method was applied to simultaneously determine several forms of phosphate in 50 food samples: 15/50 samples detected pyrophosphate, 2/50 samples detected triphosphate, 18/50 samples detected hexametaphosphate and 44/50 samples detected ortho-phosphoric acid, 6/50 samples not detected any form of phosphate. The concentration of phosphate group in detected samples varied from 67.9 mg/kg to 2499 mg/kg.
polyphosphate, phosphate, ion exchange chromatography.
[1]. H. Komaba and M. Fukagawa, "Phosphate-a poison for humans?" Kidney International, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 753-763, 2016.
[2]. M. Lammarino and A. D. Taranto, "Determination of polyphosphates in products of animal origin: application of a validated ion chromatography method for commercial samples analyses," European Food Research Technology, vol. 235, pp. 409-417, 2012.
[3]. S. L. Canhada et al., "Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults: The ELSA-Brasil," Diabetes Care, vol. 46, no.2, pp. 369-376, 2022.
[4]. Z. Chen et al., "Ultra-processed food consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: three large prospective U.S. cohort studies," Diabetes Care, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 1335-1344, 2023.
[5]. ISO 5553:1980(en), Meat and meat products - Detection of polyphosphates, Edition 1, 1980.
[6]. A. Jastrzebska, "Capillary isotachophoresis as rapid method for determination of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates, tripolyphosphates and nitrites in food samples," Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1049-1056, 2011.
[7]. L. Wang, J. Li and L. Zhang, "Determination of polyphosphates in fish and shrimp muscles by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection after phosphatase inhibition using high pressure pretreatment," Food Chemistry, vol. 15, no. 185, pp.349-354, 2015.
[8]. P. Hrynczyszyn, A. Jastrzębska, and E. Szłyk, "Determination of phosphate compounds in meat products by 31-Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy with methylenediphosphonic acid after alkaline extraction," Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 673, no. 1, pp. 73-78, 2010.
[9]. A. Jastrzębska and E. Szłyk, "Application of 31P NMR for added polyphosphate determination in pork meat," Chemical Papers, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 414-419, 2009.
[10]. A. Matsunaga et al, "Determination of Polyphosphates in Foods by HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography," Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi, 37(1), pp. 20-25, 1990.
[11]. H. Cui, F. Cai, and Q. Xu, "Determination of tripolyphosphate in frozen cod and scallop adductor by ion chromatography," Journal of Chromatography A, 884(1-2), pp. 89-92, 2000.
[12]. H. S. Kim et al, "An optimised method for the rapid analysis of condensed phosphates in fishery and processed marine food products using ion chromatography and microwave sample processing," Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A: Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment, 37(2), pp. 205-215, 2020.
[13]. H. H. Xie et al, "Simultaneous determination of five phosphates in dairy products by ion chromatography," Journal of Liquid Chromatography Related Technologies, 43(17-18), pp. 770-776, 2020.
[14]. Ministry of Health, Circular 24/2019/TT-BYT Guiding the management and use of food additives, 2019 (in Vietnamese).