Multidrug resistant bacteria have become a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Resistance to last resort antibiotics such as: colistin, newer generation cephalosporins is one of the most important current public health problems. Escherichia coli is the member of the normal microbiota of the human intestine and the intestinal and extra-intestinal pathogenic strains. Treating E. coli infection become difficult because of their resistance to different antibiotics, even to last resort antibiotics. The present study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic resistance against colistin in 181 extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli isolated from healhthy people and clinical specimens, (28 from healthy people, 153 from clinical specimens). The results showed: Out of 181 E. coli isolates, 13 (7.2%) were identified as colistin resistant phenotype in which 3.6% isolates from healthy people and 0.65% from clinical specimens was positive for the mcr-1 gene. Non of the ESBL producing E.coli isolates had the mcr-3 or mcr-5 genes.
colistin resistance, ESBL producing E. coli, Ho Chi Minh
[1]. N. V. Kinh, “Analysis of the current situation of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Vietnam,” The Center for Disease Dynamics Economics and Policy, Washington DC - New Delhi, 2010.
[2]. J. B. Kaper, J. P. Nataro, and H. L. T. Mobley, “Pathogenic Escherichia coli,” Nature Review Microbiology, vol. 2, pp. 123-140, 2004.
[3]. A. Bryce, C. Costelloe, C. Hawcroft, M. Wootton, and A. D. Hay, “Faecal carriage of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in asymptomatic children and associations with primary care antibiotic prescribing: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” BMC Infectious Diseases; vol. 16, no. 359, 2016.
[4]. L. T. M. Vien, S. Baker, L. T. P. Thao, L. T. P. Tu, C. T. Thuy, T. T. T. Nga, N. V. M. Hoang, J. I. Campbell, L. M. Yen, N. T. Hieu, N. V. V. Chau, J. Farrar, and C. Schultsz, “High prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in commensal members of the Enterobacteriaceae in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,” Journal of Medical Microbiolog, vol. 58, pp.1585-1592, 2009.
[5]. N. L. H. Ngan, H. H. Phuong, N. D. Phuc, D. V. Chinh, and P. T. P. Trang, “Genotyping extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy people and specimens in Ho Chi Minh City from 2017 to 2018,” Journal of Medicine Ho Chi Minh City, No. 5, pp. 555-560, 2019.
[6]. H. H. Phuong, L. T. Hien, T. N. M. Doan, N. T. A. Dao, and N. D. Phuc, “Frequency of some enteric virulence genes and colistin resistance of ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from food, healthy people and diarrhea patients in Ho Chi Minh City,” Journal of Medicine Ho Chi Minh City, Appendix Volume 23, No. 5, pp. 388-395, 2019.
[7]. EUCAST, Clinical breakpoints and dosing of antibiotics, Available : http://w.w.w.eucast.org/clinical_breakpoints/, Accessed: 2019-08-01.
[8]. T. Yamaguchi, R. Kawahara, K. Harada, S. Teruya, T. Nakayama, D. Motooka, S. Nakamura, N. D. Phuc, Y. Kumeda, D. V. Chinh, K. Hirata, and Y. Yamamoto, “The presence of colistin resistance gene mcr-1 and mcr-3 in ESBL producing Escherichia coli isolated from food in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,” FEMS Microbioly Letters, vol. 365, no. 11, 2018.
[9]. A CLSI Supplement for Global Application, “M100: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing,” 30th Edition, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2020.
[10]. ISO 20776-1:2019, “Susceptibility testing of infectious agents and evaluation of performance of antimicrobial susceptibility test devices - Part 1: Broth micro-dilution reference method for testing the in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against rapidly growing aerobic bacteria involved in infectious diseases,” Clinical Laboratory Testing and In Vitro Diagnostic Test Systems.
[11]. A. R. Rebelo, “Multiplex PCR for detection of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance determinants, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4 and mcr-5 for surveillance purposes,” Euro Surveill, vol 23, no. 6, 2018.
[12]. M. A. Roz Danielle, “Colistin-Resistant E coli Found in Almost All Residents of Rural Vietnam Village”, 2018 ASM Microbe Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, Available : https://www.contagionlive.com/news/colistin-resistant-e-coli-found-in-almost-all-residents-of-rural-vietnam-village, 2018.
[13]. M. M. Zafer, H. A. El Mahallawy, A. Abdulhak, M. A. Amin, M. H. Al Agamy and Hesham H. Radwan, “Emergence of colistin resistance in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains isolated from cancer patients,” Annals Clinical Microbiology Antimicrobials, pp. 18-40, 2019.
[14]. S. Xia, X. Fan, Z. Huang, L. Xia, M. Xiao, R. Chen, Y. Xu, and C. Zhuo, “Dominance of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from patients with community-onset and hospital-onset infection in China,” PloS One, vol. 9, no. 7, 2014.
[15]. R. Zhao, J. Shi, Y. Shen, Y. Li, Q. Han, X. Zhang, G. Gu, and J. Xu, “Phylogenetic Distribution of Virulence Genes Among ESBL-producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Long-term Hospitalized Patients,” Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR, vol. 9, no.7, DC01-DC04, 2015.
[16]. Zhenwang Bi et.al., “Prevalence of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from human faecal samples collected in 2012 in rural villages in Shandong Province, China”. Internationa Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 493-497, 2017.