Đánh giá nguy cơ là nền tảng khoa học quan trọng nhất của quản lý an toàn thực phẩm dựa trên nguy cơ đã được áp dụng tại nhiều quốc gia. Dù đã được quy định trong hệ thống văn bản quy phạm pháp luật, nhưng hoạt động đánh giá nguy cơ ở Việt Nam chưa được quan tâm và thực hiện đúng mức nên chưa đóng góp vào các hoạt động quản lý an toàn thực phẩm. Những thách thức của hoạt động đánh giá nguy cơ an toàn thực phẩm của Việt Nam còn nhiều, liên quan đến thể chế, quản lý dữ liệu, nguồn lực và các đặc thù của chuỗi cung ứng thực phẩm tại Việt Nam. Bài báo này tổng quan tình hình thực hiện đánh giá nguy cơ ở Việt Nam từ khi Luật An toàn thực phẩm ra đời năm 2010. Một số nghiên cứu đánh giá nguy cơ đã được thực hiện tại Việt Nam đối với các mối nguy hóa học bao gồm hóa chất bảo vệ thực vật, độc tố vi nấm, chất bảo quản, kim loại nặng và một số hóa chất tồn dư từ môi trường. Trong khi đó, đánh giá nguy cơ trong lĩnh vực vi sinh hạn chế hơn, tập trung vào các vi sinh vật thường gây ngộ độc thực phẩm như Salmonella và Staphylococcus aureus. Bài báo này cũng phân tích một số mô hình tổ chức hoạt động đánh giá nguy cơ ở một số quốc gia, vùng lãnh thổ khác nhau như Trung Quốc, Nhật Bản, Hoa Kỳ, Châu Âu và ASEAN. Trên cơ sở sự tổng hợp và phân tích, mô hình của Trung tâm đánh giá nguy cơ về an toàn thực phẩm được thành lập bởi Bộ Y tế và một số giải pháp khác đã được khuyến nghị nhằm cải thiện hoạt động đánh giá nguy cơ thành một công cụ hiệu quả cho công tác quản lý an toàn thực phẩm ở Việt Nam.
đánh giá nguy cơ, an toàn thực phẩm, Việt Nam, hóa chất, vi sinh vật, VFSA
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