Website: https://vjfc.nifc.gov.vn/
Website: https://vjfc.nifc.gov.vn/
Transferring herbicide resistance genes to crop varieties is one of the most effective methods to control weed growth on agricultural land. The bar gene isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus was found to confer glufosinate resistance to crops. This gene encodes the enzyme phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT), which is capable of inactivating phosphinothricin-containing herbicides (PPT) by promoting the acetylation of glufosinate ammonium, the main active ingredient in many herbicides. The most common genetically modified crops are soybeans, corn, rice, and cotton. Soybeans and corn are also the main crops used in processed foods. In this study, the authors applied a standardized real-time PCR method issued by the European Commission to detect the bar gene in milk products, including soy milk, corn milk, and fresh milk. The method is based on the amplification of the bar gene, showing high sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.05%, while achieving 100% specificity and accuracy.
expansion ratio, hardness, oil absorption, taro snack, weight loss.
[1]. S. Moss, “Integrated weed management (IWM): why are farmers reluctant to adopt non-chemical alternatives to herbicides” Pest Management Science, vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 1205–1211, 2019.
[2]. A. N. Rao, D. E. Johnson, B. Sivaprasad, J. K. Ladha, and A. M. Mortimer, “Weed Management in Direct-Seeded Rice,” Advances in Agronomy, vol. 93, pp. 153–255, 2007.
[3]. M. Antralina, I. N. Istina, YuyunYuwariah, and T. Simarmata, “Effect of Difference Weed Control Methods to Yield of Lowland Rice in the SOBARI,” Procedia Food Science, vol. 3, pp. 323–329, 2015.
[4]. B. S. Chauhan, T. H. Awan, S. B. Abugho, G. Evengelista, and Sudhir Yadav, “Effect of crop establishment methods and weed control treatments on weed management, and rice yield,” Field Crops Research, vol. 172, pp. 72–84, 2015.
[5]. J. M. Green, “The benefits of herbicide-resistant crops,” Pest Management Science, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 1323–1331, 2012.
[6]. Y. Kuang, H. Yu, F. Qi, X. Zhou, X. Li, and H. Zhou, “Developing herbicide-resistant crops through genome editing technologies: A review,” Crop Protection, vol. 183, pp. 106745, 2024.
[7]. Y. Cui, Z. Liu, Y. Li, F. Zhou, H. Chen, and Y. Lin, “Application of a novel phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (RePAT) gene in developing glufosinate-resistant rice,” Scientific Reports, vol. 6, 2016.
[8]. C. J. Thompson et al., “Characterization of the herbicide-resistance gene bar from Streptomyces hygroscopicus,” EMBO Journal, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 2519–2523, 1987.
[9]. W. Wohlleben, W. Arnold, I. Broer, D. Hillemann, E. Strauch, and A. Punier, “Nucleotide sequence of the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü494 and its expression in Nicotiana tabacum,” Gene, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 25–37, Oct. 1988.
[10]. E. Pierboni, L. Curcio, G. R. Tovo, M. Torricelli, and C. Rondini, “Evaluation of Systems for Nopaline Synthase Terminator in Fast and Standard Real-Time PCR to Screen Genetically Modified Organisms,” Food Analytical Methods, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1009–1019, 2016.
[11]. L. Thi, T. Hai, H. Nga, N. P. Thuy, and L. T. Linh, “Genetically modified crops in the context of modern agriculture-benefits and risks,” Journal of Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology, vol. 6, pp.115, 2020 [in Vietnamese].
[12]. Caio A. Carbonari et al., “Resistance to glufosinate is proportional to phosphinothricin acetyltransferase expression and activity in LibertyLink® and WideStrike® cotton”, Planta, vol. 243, pp. 925-933, 2016.
[13]. S. B. Park, J. Y. Kim, D. G. Lee, J. H. Kim, M. K. Shin, and H. Y. Kim, “Development of a systematic qpcr array for screening gm soybeans,” Foods, vol. 10, no. 3, 2021.
[14]. G. Cottenet, C. Blancpain, V. Sonnard, and P. F. Chuah, “Development and validation of a multiplex real-time PCR method to simultaneously detect 47 targets for the identification of genetically modified organisms,” Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 405, no. 21, pp. 6831–6844, 2013.
[15]. M. Mandaci, Ö. Ćakir, N. Turgut-Kara, S. Meriç, Ş. Ari, and Ş. Ari, “Detection of genetically modified organisms in soy products sold in turkish market,” Food Science and Technology (Brazil), vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 717–722, 2015.
[16]. P. Safaei, E. M. Aghaee, G. J. Khaniki, S. A. K. Afshari, and S. Rezaie, “A simple and accurate PCR method for detection of genetically modified rice,” Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 847–851, 2019.
[17]. E. Pierboni, L. Curcio, G. R. Tovo, M. Torricelli, and C. Rondini, “Evaluation of Systems for Nopaline Synthase Terminator in Fast and Standard Real-Time PCR to Screen Genetically Modified Organisms,” Food Anal Methods, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1009–1019, 2016.
[18]. Grohmann et al., “Qualitative PCR method for detection of phosphinothricin N-acetyl transferase gene (bar)”, GMOMETHODS | EURL GMFF, 2009.
[19]. L. Grohmann, C. B. Nieweler, A. Nemeth, and H. U. Waiblinger, “Collaborative trial validation studies of real-time PCR-based GMO Screening methods for detection of bar gene and the ctp2-cp4epsps construct,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 57, no. 19, pp. 8913–8920, 2009.
[20]. Tran Cao Son, Method validation and assessment of measurement uncertainty in chemical analysis, Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2021 [in Vietnamese].
[21]. C. A. Commission, “Guidelines on performance criteria and validation of methods for detection, identification and quantification of specific ADN sequences and specific proteins in foods”, pp.74,2010.
[22]. E. Barbau-Piednoir et al., “Inter-laboratory Testing of GMO Detection by Combinatory SYBR®Green PCR Screening (CoSYPS),” Food Analytical Methods, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1719–1728, 2014.
[23]. L. Grohmann, C. B. Nieweler, A. Nemeth, and H. U. Waiblinger, “Collaborative trial validation studies of real-time PCR-based GMO Screening methods for detection of bar gene and the ctp2-cp4epsps construct,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 57, no. 19, pp. 8913–8920, 2009.