Bìa tạp chí

 

009bet

Assessment of arsenic concentration in rice and risk characterizations in some provinces in the Red River Delta region

Nguyen Thi Phuong Mai Dinh Thi Diu Nguyen Manh Khai Pham Thanh Nam Duong Thi Hanh
Received: 02 Jul 2024
Revised: 26 Aug 2024
Accepted: 30 Aug 2024
Published: 30 Sep 2024

Article Details

How to Cite
Nguyen Thi Phuong Mai, Dinh Thi Diu, Nguyen Manh Khai, Pham Thanh Nam, Duong Thi Hanh. "Assessment of arsenic concentration in rice and risk characterizations in some provinces in the Red River Delta region". Vietnam Journal of Food Control. vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 282-288, 2024
PP
282-288
Counter
24

Main Article Content

Abstract

Arsenic (As) is a known human carcinogen, uptake of As causes adverse health effects such as cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases, and a variety of cancers (skin, lung). Rice grain is the most consumed cereal in Vietnam and accumulates higher concentrations of As compared to other cereal crops. In this study, the As content in rice and its risk characterization in the Red River Delta region were investigated. Rice samples were collected from traditional markets in Ha Nam, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Hung Yen, and supermarkets in Hanoi. The results showed that the average As concentrations in rice samples from traditional markets (0.178 mg/kg; 0.058 - 0.290 mg/kg) were higher than those from supermarkets (0.147 mg/kg; 0.092 - 0.189 mg/kg) (p < 0.05). Rice samples had a total As concentration to meet National technical regulation on rice for national reserve (QCVN 06:2019/BTC). The As concentration in supermarket rice is below the maximum allowable level according to CODEX standard. The chronic daily intake for children and adults is 0.0023 mg/kg/day and 0.0010 mg/kg/day, respectively, within the allowable limits based on CODEX standards.

Keywords:

Arsenic, rice, risk characterization

References

[1]. P. N. Williams et al., “Greatly Enhanced Arsenic Shoot Assimilation in Rice Leads to Elevated Grain Levels Compared to Wheat and Barley,” Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 41, no. 19, pp. 6854–6859, 2007, doi: 10.1021/es070627i.
[2]. B. L. Batista, J. M. O. Souza, S. S. De Souza, and F. Barbosa, “Speciation of arsenic in rice and estimation of daily intake of different arsenic species by Brazilians through rice consumption,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 191, no. 1, pp. 342–348, 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.087.
[3]. L. García-Rico, M. P. Valenzuela-Rodríguez, M. M. Meza-Montenegro, and A. L. Lopez-Duarte, “Arsenic in rice and rice products in Northwestern Mexico and health risk assessment,” Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B Surveillance, vol. 13, no. 1. pp. 25–33, 2020, doi: 10.1080/19393210.2019.1678672.
[4]. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease (ATSDR), “Toxicological profile for arsenic,” Atlanta (GA): United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services, 2004.
[5]. M. Berg et al., “Magnitude of arsenic pollution in the Mekong and Red River Deltas — Cambodia and Vietnam,” Science of The Total Environment, vol. 372, no. 2, pp. 413–425, 2007, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.010.
[6]. US EPA, “Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part F, Supplemental Guidance for Inhalation Risk Assessment),” Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation Environmental Protection Agency, vol. I, no. January, pp. 1–68, 2009, doi: EPA-540-R-070-002.
[7]. Ha Phan Ai Nguyen, Yen Hoang Cu, Pensri Watchalayann, and Nantika Soonthornchaikul, “Assessing inorganic arsenic in rice and its health risk to consumers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,” Journal of Health Research, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 402–414, 2019, doi: 10.1108/JHR-09-2019-0221.
[8]. Van Anh Nguyen, Sunbaek Bang, Pham Hung Viet, and Kyoung-Woong Kim, “Contamination of groundwater and risk assessment for arsenic exposure in Ha Nam province, Vietnam,” Environment International, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 466–472, 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.07.014.
[9]. US EPA, “Regional Screening Level (RSL) Summery Table. https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables. Accessed date: May 2024.,” no. November, pp. 1–13, [Online]. Available: http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/rbconcentration_table/Generic_Tables/index.htm. [Accessed: Mar 06, 2017].
[10]. Dinh Binh Chu, Hung Tuan Duong, Minh Thi Nguyet Luu, Hong-An Vu-Thi, Bich Thuy Ly, and Vu Duc Loi, “Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Vietnamese Rice: Assessment of Human Exposure to These Elements through Rice Consumption,” Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, vol. 2021, no. Article ID 6661955, 10 pages, 2021.
[11]. Thanh Son Tran, Viet Chien Dinh, Thi Anh Huong Nguyen, and Kyoung Woong Kim, “Heavy metals and arsenic concentrations in water, agricultural soil, and rice in Ngan Son district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam,” Vietnamese Journal of Food Control, vol. 3, no. 4. pp. 270–282, 2020.
[12]. T. Agusa et al., “Relationship of urinary arsenic metabolites to intake estimates in residents of the Red River Delta, Vietnam,” Environmental Pollution, vol. 157, no. 2. pp. 396–403, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.043.
[13]. Codex Alimentarius, “General standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed. CODEX STAN 193–1995,” 2023. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/shproxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXS%2B193-1995%252FCXS_193e.pdf.
[14]. W. Carlton and W. Gustave, “Prevalence of arsenic contamination in rice and the potential health risks to the Bahamian population—A preliminary study,” Frontier in Environmental Science, vol. 10:1011785, 2022.

 Submit